Epidural hematoma information mount sinai new york. Epidural hematoma an overview sciencedirect topics. Epidural or extradural hematoma is a type of traumatic brain injury tbi in which a buildup of blood occurs between the dura mater the tough outer membrane of the central nervous system and the skull. Patient x was admitted on june 19, 2012 for the first time in northern mindanao medical center in male surgical ward due to epidural hematoma at the right frontotemporoparietal secondary to vehicular accident. Nov 29, 2017 the pathophysiology of intracranial epidural hemorrhage physiology of intracranial hematoma formation. Puerperal ventral epidural hematoma after epidural labor.
Head injuries are caused by a sudden impact or force to the head or inertial forces within the skull. Hematoma epidural terjadi akibat trauma kepala, yang biasanya berhubungan dengan fraktur tulang tengkorak dan laserasi pembuluh darah. A hematoma between the skull and the brains tissuelike covering, which is known as the dura. The blood from the ruptured vessel collects between the skull and dura. Left frontal epidural hematoma evacuation by craniotomy.
Bilateral extradural hematomas have only rarely been reported in the literature. Epidural hematoma in the brain is rare in patients older than age 60. There is a predominately high attenuation biconvex extraaxial fluid collection in the frontoparietal region. Epidural hematoma is usually caused by a fullon blow to the head and is often associated with skull fracture. Diagnosis is by mri or, if not immediately available, by ct myelography. Spinal epidural hematoma peaks during the fifth and sixth decades. Pediatric cervical epidural hematoma is an uncommon diagnosis and very few cases have been reported so far. An often bilateral pool of blood seen in the extradural space that occurs in response to severe heating of the skull in a fire. The inciting event often is a focused blow to the head, such as that produced by a hammer or baseball bat. Any intracranial hematoma is produced when an opening is made in the wall of an intracranial blood vessel. Jan 26, 2018 subdural hematoma sdh and epidural hematoma edh are characterized by bleeding into the spaces surrounding the brain or spinal cord. Dec 19, 2011 hemorrhagic complications of arachnoid cysts have been reported, extensively presenting with subdural or intracystic hematoma after trauma, but presentation with extradural hemorrhage is very rare. In heat haematomas, the brain itself may show heatrelated changes and the hematoma is friable. Much of what is known about epidural hematomas comes from case reports.
An epidural hematoma is usually associated with a skull fracture. The condition is difficult to diagnose and requires immediate surgical intervention to obtain the best possible neurological outcome. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma sseh is a relatively rare disease. The dura mater also covers the spine, so epidural bleeds may. Subarachnoid hemorrhage aneurysmal intracranial hemorrhage evaluation. Any patient with a neurologic deficit, depressed gcs, palpable skull fracture, or worrisome mechanism will warrant a noncontrast head ct after initial stabilization and resuscitation. Epidural hematoma usually associated with a skull fracture. Epidural hematoma is the accumulation of blood in the space between dura and bone in the cranial or spinal region. Epidural hematoma should be suspected in any individual who sustains head trauma. Traumatic head injury is a common cause of mortality and acquired neurological impairment in children. Physical examination and cardiac assessment were normal.
Often there is loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of consciousness again. Neuraxial hematoma after obstetric epidural analgesia or anesthesia is extremely rare. Intracranial epidural hematoma occurs in approximately 2% of patients with head injuries and 515% of patients with fatal head injuries. It is necessary to consider a number of interacting factors which result in the production of an epidural hematoma. After about ten minutes, he regained consciousness, but he soon became lethargic, and over the next two hours, he was stuporous4. Refrat trauamtik subdural hematoma sdh resume jurnal subdural hematoma.
The patient presented with foot drop, which resolved after conservative treatment. Spinal epidural hematomas edh are a rare spinal pathology which can result in serious morbidity with delayed or nontreatment. An epidural hematoma edh is bleeding between the inside of the skull and the outer covering of the brain called the dura. Read more about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, causes and prognosis. Hematoma subdural yang bertambah luas secara perlahan paling sering terjadi pada usia lanjut karena venanya rapuh dan pada alkoholik. Extradural hematoma edh, also known as an epidural hematoma, is a collection of blood that forms between the inner surface of the skull and outer layer of the dura, which is called the endosteal layer. Heat haematoma definition of heat haematoma by medical. It often occurs when an impact fractures the calvarium. Oct 27, 2016 epidural hematoma edh is a traumatic accumulation of blood between the inner table of the skull and the strippedoff dural membrane. It is widely believed that edh does not cross cranial sutures, allowing its differentiation from subdural hematoma sdh.
An epidural hematoma edh occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and the dura mater, the thick membrane covering the. Hematoma epidural dapat terjadi pada siapa saja dan umur berapa saja, beberapa keadaan yang bisa menyebabkan epidural hematom adalah misalnya benturan pada kepala pada kecelakaan motor. Our patient presented with very mild symptoms in spite of the. Epidural hematoma represents acute bleeding into the epidural space. On ct, the hematoma forms a hyperdense biconvex mass. Makalah ini ditulis sebagai salah satu tugas makalah.
Minor subdural hematomas ct showing a subdural hematoma in the anterior portion of the skull and soft tissue swelling on the left posterolateral surface. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. It is often accompanied by burning of the scalp, and simulates antemortem extraduralepidural haematomas. Epidural hematoma in emergency medicine differential diagnoses. The usual clinical presentation of sseh is sudden neck or back pain that progresses toward.
Sdhs form between the dura and the arachnoid membranes edhs arise in the potential space between the dura and the skull. Epidural hematoma commonly results from a blow to the side of the head. This condition is an extremely rare postoperative complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt and contralateral. Epidural hematoma history trauma etiology laceration of middle meningeal artery finding lensbiconvex shape hyperdensity midline shift no cross suture mass effect ventricular compression displacement of grey white interface take home message. It can occur when a traumatic force applied to the head is sufficient to cause a deformity of the skull and damage. Management of supratentorial epidural hematoma in children. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a rare cause of acute spinal cord compression. It occurs approximately 2% of all cases of head trauma. Epidural hematoma human head and neck neurology scribd. Pendahuluan epidural hematom adalah salah satu jenis perdarahan intracranial yang paling sering terjadi karena fraktur tulang tengkorak.
Unduh sebagai pdf, txt atau baca online dari scribd. The fractured bone lacerates a dural artery or a venous sinus. An epidural hematoma occurs when a mass of blood forms in the space between your skull and the protective covering of your brain. Surgical management of acute epidural hematomas request pdf. Epidural hematoma is an indication for emergency neurosurgical intervention. In this paper, we report the case of a patient with an arachnoid cyst who developed an extradural hematoma after a subtle head injury. However, pediatric epidural hematomas edhs are not. Spinal epidural hematoma sedh is a very rare case and usually due to spontaneous cause in patient with risk factor. Penambahan ukuran hematoma ini yang menyebabkan perdarahan lebih lanjut dengan merobek membran atau pembuluh darah di sekelilingnya, menambah ukuran dan tekanan hematoma.
It is the trauma that leads to the potential injury to the scalp, skull, or brain in which it can range from a simple bump to the skull to serious brain injury. Skull fractures were seen on ct in 30 patients 61%. Carlo oller, emergency physician, talks about epidural hematoma. The morbidity and mortality result from mass effect on the brain as the hematoma. Although classically associated with a lucid interval between the initial loss of consciousness at the time of impact and a delayed decline in mental status 1033% of cases, alterations in the level of consciousness may have a variable presentation. Contact a health care provider for any head injury that results in even a brief loss of consciousness, or if there are any other symptoms after a head injury even without loss of consciousness the typical pattern of symptoms that indicate an edh is a loss of consciousness, followed by alertness, then loss of consciousness again. Etiologi hematoma epidural dapat terjadi pada siapa saja dan umur berapa saja, beberapa keadaan yang bisa menyebabkan epidural hematom adalah misalnya benturan pada kepala pada kecelakaan motor. Jul 20, 2008 spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma sseh is a relatively rare disease. The classic epidural hematoma is observed with a linear skull fracture of the temporal bone, which tears the middle meningeal artery, allowing. Epidural hematoma skull traumatic brain injury scribd. An epidural hematoma edh is bleeding between the inside of the skull and. Trauma or other injury to your head can cause your brain to bounce. Epidural hematoma is a topic covered in the diseases and disorders to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription nursing central is an awardwinning, complete mobile solution for nurses and students. The morbidity and mortality result from mass effect on the brain as the hematoma expands and strips the dura away from the skull.
Jan 09, 2018 epidural hematoma should be suspected in any individual who sustains head trauma. Acute subdural hematomas that are due to trauma are the lethal of all head injuries and have a high mortality rate if they are not rapidly treated with surgical decompression. Spinal subdural or epidural hematoma neurologic disorders. Epidural hematoma edh is a traumatic accumulation of blood between the inner table of the skull and the strippedoff dural membrane. The pathophysiology of intracranial epidural hemorrhage physiology of intracranial hematoma formation. Epidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain dura mater and the skull. Subdural hematoma sdh and epidural hematoma edh are characterized by bleeding into the spaces surrounding the brain or spinal cord. A 25yearold male presented with a history of sudden onset of. They are typically considered a surgical emergency. We present a case of a puerperal spinal epidural hematoma following epidural labor analgesia. Epidural hematoma definition and patient education. Hemorrhagic complications of arachnoid cysts have been reported, extensively presenting with subdural or intracystic hematoma after trauma, but presentation with extradural hemorrhage is very rare. Thus only 20 to 30% of epidural hematomas occur outside the region of the temporal bone. The classic epidural hematoma is observed with a linear skull fracture of the temporal bone, which tears the middle meningeal artery, allowing blood to accumulate under pressure in the epidural space.
A spinal subdural or epidural hematoma is an accumulation of blood in the subdural or epidural space that can mechanically compress the spinal cord. Cervical epidural hematoma in a child pubmed central pmc. Look up information on diseases, tests, and procedures. Spinal epidural hematoma radiology reference article. Supratentorial epidural hematoma in children paiva et al. Patients with spontaneous sedh typically present with acute onset of severe back pain and rapidly develop signs of compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina. The pterion region which overlies the middle meningeal artery is exceptionally weak and prone to injury. Epidural hematoma epidural hematoma clinical presentation. Etiologi hematoma epidural dapat terjadi pada siapa saja dan umur berapa saja, beberapa keadaan yang bisa menyebabkan epidural hematom adalah misalnya benturan padakepala pada. A 15 year old1 boy was hit on the temple2a2b with a baseball and he became unconscious3. Epidural hematoma edh, also known as extradural hematoma, is a hemorrhage into the space between the dura and the overlying calvarium.
1280 1513 350 51 566 1300 686 1229 118 1083 357 502 663 716 1480 820 342 1144 10 1177 1363 1073 781 1058 12 208 37 1026 531 171 1095 677 186 931 185 496 344